Sonoran Pronghorn:
Antilocapra americana sonoriensis
Antilocapra americana sonoriensis
By Melissa Page
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| www.britannica.com |
Summarize Description & Ecology of Organism
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| www.defenders.org |
Occurred in North America, Now only found in Arizona and Mexico
Harsh arid environmental conditions
Temperatures reach extreme highs in the summer and lows
during the winter
Evaporation of water exceeds precipitation, obtain water
from metabolism
Terrain is sand and scattered rocks
They require vast areas of unencumbered open range for
survival and reproduction
Males have large black horns and females have small black
horns
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| www.exploringnature.org |
Mating Season: September to October
Gestation: 250 days
Offspring: 1; twins when there is abundant food
Sexual Maturity: 1 year of age
Diet: Desert grasses, shrubs, cacti, and herbs
Lifespan: 10 – 12 years
Fun Facts:
Run up to 60 mph!
Can see
2 – 4 miles away!
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| www.azgfd.net |
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| www.bwphotography.com |
Geographic & Population Changes
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| Created by Melissa Page |
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| http://vogeltalksrving.com |
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| www.flickr.com |
Today: 160 held captive in a breading program in US, and
about 240 in Mexico
Listing Date & Type of Listing
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| Taken by: Melissa Page |
-Endangered on March 11, 1967
-Experimental Population on May 5, 2011
-At Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge
-Goal having 300 adult Pronghorn By 2004
Causes of Listing & Main Threats to its Continued Existence
1) Habitat
Destruction (leading cause of decline)
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| www.orghunt.com |
a. Overgrazing
by cattle
b. De-watering
of rivers
c. Agriculture
d. Commercial
Development
2) Climate
Change
a. Survival
based on rain and vegetation, 13 month drought
3) Predator
a. Coyote
(most abundant predator)
b. Mountain
Lion
c. Bobcat
d. People
4) Disease
a. Bluetongue
i. Most
serious disease affecting Pronghorn
ii. Taken
them out by the dozen
iii. Carried
by cattle, transmitted by biting midges
iv. Outbreaks
during Pronghorn breeding season
b. Epizootic
Hemorrhagic Disease
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| www.jimcoda.com |
5) Barriers
a. Highways
b. Fences
c. Mexican
American Border
d. Railroads
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| www.wcs.org |
Description of Recovery Plan
1) Improving habitat for fawn survival and
recruitment through the establishment and evaluation of forage enhancement
plots on the BMGR
2) Initiating a quantitative evaluation
of pronghorn use and reliance on sources of free water
3) Reducing predation through the
selective removal of coyotes from specific areas and at times of the year when adult
female pronghorn are most susceptible to predation
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| www.shotonsite.com |
4) Evaluating potential transplant
locations, establishing relocation methodology and protocols, developing inter-agency agreements, acquiring funding, and initiating reestablishment
projects
5) Increasing frequency and expanding
scope of aerial monitoring in Mexico to improve comparability with U. S.
surveys
6) Investigating potential pronghorn
disease vectors
7) Reducing disturbance at critical
times of the year
8) Investigating and reducing movement
barriers
What you can do!
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| www.petlvr.com |
*Information found on US Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Plan
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